Other recommended reading
Anti-Militarism section of the Kate Sharpley Library website
The Artwork of Clifford Harper
Black Flag Anarchist Review Vol. 4 No. 3, World War or Class War (Autumn 2024)
Table of Contents
- A few quotes from anarchists on militarism
- Historical anarchist statements and analysis
- Secondary documents on historical anarchist anti-militarism and views on the national question
- Present day anarchist statements, analysis and actions
- About Aaron Bushnell’s action
- Non-anarchist texts and songs on war, imperialism, militarism and national liberation
A few quotes from anarchists on militarism
“The police, like the army, are abolished. […] All the people armed, no army outside the people […] The army, as an organized force in support of Authority and the war against Freedom, from the interior to the exterior, must disappear.”
Joseph Déjacque, La Législation directe et universelle (1859)
“…they hate conscription? Don’t force them to join the army!!”
Mikhail Bakunin, Letters to a Frenchman on the Present Crisis (1870)
“All militarism is but the expression of capitalism embodied in force.”
The Alarm, Chicago (November 15, 1884)
“When soldiers are wise enough to go on strikes, kings and aristocrats will be compelled to do their own fighting.”
The Alarm, Chicago (November 29, 1884)
“For us, it is truly the very existence of the army that we want to destroy, however it is organized. It is loathing for the role of soldier — the role of slave and cop combined — that we must inspire in the spirit of the people and especially of the youth.”
Errico Malatesta, Facts and Opinions, La Rivoluzione Sociale, London (1902)
“The masses which comprise the armies have no influence on the decisions made by those in power.”
Erich Mühsam, The Moroccan War, Kain (1911)
“Militarism is the last stronghold of capitalism.”
Hippolyte Havel, Military Protection for Wall Street, Mother Earth (1913)
“Who can believe that it is sentimentality that has caused England to intervene, seeing Germany violate the agreed upon neutrality of Belgium, if she [England] never had any qualms about annexing as much territory as suited her, as she has just done again with Egypt? Who can even dream that if Germany is defeated, militarism will end? This war forcibly reinforces militarism everywhere. […] I doubt if any other war has demonstrated as clearly as this one that war is fought only for interests, not for principles.”
Pedro Esteve, second open response to fellow anarchist Peter Kropotkin, Cultura Obrera, NYC (1914)
“The government can murder. If it wants to — and it will do so at the given hour — it can murder hundreds of thousands of people. It has these great abilities. But it does not have the ability to force me to work for it.”
B. Traven / Ret Marut, Contrast, Der Ziegelbrenner, Cologne, Germany (December 21, 1921)
“Government and militarism are allied institutions. To militarism it doesn’t matter whether the one who commands is King, Emperor or President. Its mission is to keep in power all tyrannies.”
Librado Rivera, Avante!, Villa Cecilia, Mexico (July 1, 1928)
“Dissolve the army and immediately withdraw from Morocco.”
Workers at the CNT-FAI rally in Barcelona on May Day (1931)
“For anarchists, antimilitarism is not a set of theories and analyses. It includes a certain amount of information and data, but it does not stop there. Antimilitarism is revolutionary action, co-ordination and a project of intervention. And, above all, it is not a sectoral struggle. It is not a struggle that is confined to the specific terrain of the military institution. Antimilitarism is an aspect of the overall struggle against the class enemy.”
Alfredo M. Bonanno, Diserzione! (1983)
“In 1917, during the First World War, we saw an Italian soldier hanging by the thumbs from a tree as punishment, so we cut him down. I became an antimilitarist and have remained so since. At the same time I remain strongly antireligious: how can ‘God’ allow such tragedies to occur? I was fourteen, a born rebel.”
Attilio Bortolotti, interviews with Paul Avrich, 1988/1990, Anarchist Voices (1995)
Attilio Bortolotti, Federico Arcos, David Watson, and Fredy Perlman (Michigan, June 8, 1985)
“I personally am also critical of forced recruitment, but I would say I have a compromise position because I see the need to confront the evil with the tools we have.”
Ex-anarchist turned statist soldier Dmitry Petrov (Ilya Leshy), Russischer Anarchist verteidigt Ukraine: “Wir kämpfen gegen Putins Regime“ (2023)
Historical anarchist texts on war, militarism, conscription, imperialism, patriotism/nationalism and national liberation (1859-1990)
A text on war and social revolution by French proto-anarchist Joseph Déjacque.
War is Declared!, by Joseph Déjacque (1859)
Two texts by Russian anarchist Mikhail Bakunin dealing with the inherent relation between war and the State, and turning wars between states into civil war.
War and the State, by Mikhail Bakunin and James Guillaume (1870)
Letters to a Frenchman on the Present Crisis, by Mikhail Bakunin (1870)
Art by Clifford Harper
An article by French militant anarchist Louise Michel on the refusal of military service.
The Conscripts Strike, by Louise Michel (1881)
Art by Clifford Harper
A series of texts on war and capitalism by Russian anarchist Peter Kropotkin, who would change his tune come the First World War, much to the consternation of his fellow anarchists.
War!, by Peter Kropotkin (1885)
The Coming War, by Peter Kropotkin (1885)
War or Peace?, by Peter Kropotkin (1896)
The Last War, by Peter Kropotkin (1897)
The Russo-Japanese War, by Peter Kropotkin (1904)
Anti-Militarism and Revolution, by Peter Kropotkin (1905)
Wars and Capitalism, by Peter Kropotkin (1914)
A Letter on the Present War, by Peter Kropotkin (1914)
Anti-Militarism: Was it Properly Understood?, by Peter Kropotkin (1914)
The Manifesto of the Sixteen (1916)
Open Letter to Western European Workers, by Peter Kropotkin (1917)
A Letter from Kropotkin (1921)
Art by Clifford Harper
Two texts by Dutch anarchist Ferdinand Domela Nieuwenhuis on anti-militarism.
What does the refusal of military service mean?, by Ferdinand Domela Nieuwenhuis (1893)
To the Anti-Militarists, Anarchists, and Free Thinkers, by Ferdinand Domela Nieuwenhuis (1915)
Art by Clifford Harper
An excerpt from a book by Russian writer Lyov Tolstoy on militarism, later republished in the (non-pacifist) San Francisco anarchist newspaper, The Blast, by Lithuanian-American anarchist, Alexander Berkman.
Should Labor Be Patriotic?, by Lyov Tolstoy (1894)
Various texts by Italian anarchist Errico Malatesta on war, nationalism and militarism.
Art by Clifford Harper
For Candia, by Errico Malatesta (1897)
The War, by Errico Malatesta (1897)
The European War and the International Workers’ Organization, by Errico Malatesta (1897)
“The Armed Nation”, by Errico Malatesta (1902)
The War and the Anarchists, by Errico Malatesta (1912)
Our Foreign Policy, by Errico Malatesta (1914)
Anti-Militarism: Was It Properly Understood?, by Errico Malatesta (1914)
While the Carnage Lasts, by Errico Malatesta (1915)
Italy Also!, by Errico Malatesta (1915)
A text by French anarchist E. Reclus on war and colonialism.
Various texts by Lithuanian-American anarchists Emma Goldman and Alexander Berkman on militarism, nationalist chauvinism and war.
Art by Clifford Harper
The Effect of War on the Workers, by Emma Goldman (1900)
As to Militarism, by Emma Goldman (1908)
Patriotism: A Menace to Liberty, by Emma Goldman (1910)
If We Must Fight, Let It Be For The Social Revolution, from Mother Earth (1914)
In Reply to Kropotkin, by Alexander Berkman (1914)
Observations and Comments on Kropotkin and the European War, from Mother Earth (1915)
Preparedness, the Road to Universal Slaughter, by Emma Goldman (1915)
First Year of the War, by Emma Goldman (1915)
Good Prospects for Anti-Militarism, by Emma Goldman (1916)
Why War?, from The Blast (1916)
The Psychology of War, from The Blast (1916)
The Promoters of the War Mania, by Emma Goldman (1917)
No Conscription!, by the No Conscription League of New York (1917)
Speeches Against Conscription, by Emma Goldman (1917)
War?, by Alexander Berkman (1929)
The Black Spectre of War, by Emma Goldman (1938)
A text on imperialism and militarism written by Japanese anarchist Kōtoku Shūsui prior to his becoming an anarchist and later being executed by the state for treason along with fellow anarchist Kanno Sugako and ten other people in 1911.
Imperialism: Monster of the Twentieth Century, by Kōtoku Shūsui (1901)
Art by Clifford Harper
A text by American anarchist Emily G. Taylor on American militarism and colonial violence.
Which Makes the Greater Savage, the Blanket or the Uniform?, by Emily G. Taylor (1902)
A text by Peruvian anarchist Manuel González Prada on militarism, nationalism and war.
Rebellion of the Soldier, by Manuel González Prada (1906)
A text by French anarchists Anna Mahé and Albert Libertad on militarism, war and nationalism.
To the Conscripts, from l’anarchie (1906)
Various texts by Mexican or Mexican-American anarchists Ricardo Flores Magón, Praxedis G. Guerrero, Estella Arteaga, Juanita Arteaga, and Enrique Flores Magón on militarism, nationalism, war and revolutionary violence.
Art by Clifford Harper
Cannon Fodder, by Ricardo Flores Magón (1910)
The Purpose of Revolution, by Praxedis G. Guerrero (1910)
The Probable Intervention, by Praxedis G. Guerrero (1910)
The Means and the End, by Praxedis G. Guerrero (1910)
The Rifle, by Ricardo Flores Magón (1911)
To the American People, by Ricardo Flores Magón (1911)
People of America, by Ricardo Flores Magón (1911)
The Soldier, by Ricardo Flores Magón (1912)
To the Soldiers, by Ricardo Flores Magón (1914)
The Barricade and the Trench, by Ricardo Flores Magón (1915)
The Bourgeois Homeland and the Universal Homeland, by Ricardo Flores Magón (1915)
Echoes of War, by Estella Arteaga (1916)
Armed / The Conscious Workers, by Juanita Arteaga (1916)
Skirmishes, by Juanita Arteaga (1916)
For Our Country!, by Enrique Flores Magón (1916)
The Roundup, by Enrique Flores Magón (1917)
The War, by Ricardo Flores Magón (1917)
On the March, by Ricardo Flores Magón (1917)
A very brief text by American anarchist Lucy E. Parsons on militarism, nationalism and war.
The Workers and War, by Lucy Parsons (1912)
Art by Clifford Harper
A text from the Uruguayan anarchist publication, Tiempos Nuevos, on the hypocrisy of states complaining about the imperialism and colonialism of other states while they themselves engage in the same.
Concerning the Beginning of the End, from Tiempos Nuevos (1912)
A text by Chilean anarchist Isolina Bórquez on militarism, nationalism and war.
Down with Wars!, by Isolina Bórquez (1914)
Two articles on war, militarism and conscription by American anarchist Leonard D. Abbott.
Let Us Make War Against War, by Leonard D. Abbott (1914)
The War Hysteria and Our Protest, by Leonard D. Abbott (1917)
A text by the British anarchist journal ‘Freedom’ on the outbreak of the First World War and its relation to British colonialism in Ireland.
War and the Aftermath, by Freedom (1914)
An article by English anarchist Thomas H. Keell on war, imperialism and militarism.
Have the Leopards Changed Their Spots?, by Thomas H. Keell (1914)
An article by English anarchist Fred W. Dunn on the flaws of fellow anarchist Kropotkin’s analysis of the First World War.
Correspondence on Kropotkin’s Letter to Professor Steffen, by Fred W. Dunn (1914)
A series of texts by Italian-American anarchist Luigi Galleani on war and militarism.
Against War, Against Peace, For The Social Revolution, by Luigi Galleani (1914-1916)
A text on war and class struggle by Spanish anarchist Anselmo Lorenzo.
The Conquerors of Bread, by Anselmo Lorenzo (1915)
A text by Italian-English anarchist Emidio Recchioni on militarism and war.
Between Ourselves, by Emidio Recchioni (1915)
A letter by the English anarchist W.T. Crick to the editor of the journal Freedom on capitalist war and class war.
Is This the Last War?, by W.T. Crick (1915)
An international anarchist statement against war and militarism.
Anti-War Manifesto, by the Anarchist International (1915)
A text on war and militarism by Russian anarchist Alexander Schapiro.
Looking Forward, by Alexander Schapiro (1915)
A text on war by English anarchist George Barret.
The Last War, by George Barrett (1915)
A letter from French anarchist E. Armand to Mother Earth on war and militarism.
A Letter from E. Armand to Mother Earth (1915)
An article on militarism and hypocrisy, by American wobbly James Peter Warbasse.
Concerning Atrocities, by James Peter Warbasse (1915)
A text on anarchist anti-militarism by American anarchist W. S. Van Valkenburgh.
War and the Worker, by W. S. Van Valkenburgh (1915)
An article on nationalism, militarism and the State by Chinese anarchist Ba Jin.
Nationalism and the Road to Happiness for the Chinese, by Ba Jin (1921)
Art by Clifford Harper
An article on militarism and war from the Brazilian anarchist publication, Revista Liberal.
Armed Peace, from Revista Liberal (1921)
An article from the Argentinian anarchist newspaper, La Antorcha, on militarism and war.
The Arming of Nations, from La Antorcha (1923)
A text by Ukrainian anarchist Nestor Makhno on nationalism and imperialism.
A Few Words on the National Question in the Ukraine, by Nestor Makhno (1928)
Statements and texts by and/or about various Spanish anarchist militias on militarism and war.
Art by Clifford Harper
Militians, Yes! But Soldiers, Never!, by various Spanish anarchist militias (1936)
A Day Mournful and Overcast…, by an “uncontrollable” from the Iron Column (1937)
The Durruti Column, by Carl Einstein (1936)
An Interview with Durruti about the Militarisation of the Militia (1936)
Self-discipline in the Workers’ Militia, by Buenaventura Durruti (1936)
Stalin’s shadow over Spain, by Abel Paz (1996)
War or Revolution?, edited by Stuart Christie (1998)
The Problem of Militarisation, edited by Stuart Christie (2003)
German anarchist Rudolf Rocker’s magnum opus on nationalism.
Nationalism and Culture, by Rudolf Rocker (1937)
Art by Clifford Harper
“The militarisation of the people will not be used to weaken fascism abroad; it will be used to strengthen it at home.”
Manifesto of the Anarchist Federation of Britain (1939)
An article on imperialism and war by English anarchist Albert Meltzer.
How will the war end?, by Albert Meltzer (1939)
Various articles by Italian-English anarchist Marie-Louise Berneri on imperialism, militarism and war.
Art by Clifford Harper
Will America Rule The World?, by Marie Louise Berneri (1939)
American Imperialism versus German Imperialism, by Marie Louise Berneri (1941)
The Yankee Peril, by Marie Louise Berneri (1943)
British Army of Oppression Crushes Eastern Freedom, by Marie Louise Berneri (1945)
English anarchists on the rejection of military service.
Tribunals and Political Objectors, by Albert Meltzer and Vernon Richards (1940)
An anarchist manifesto on war printed in the English newspaper, War Commentary.
Manifesto of the Anarchist Federation on War (1943)
A text on militarism and war, in response to Rudolf Rocker, by Romanian-American anarchist Marcus Graham.
The Issues in the Present War, by Marcus Graham (1943)
“… I sold my individuality, part of my life, my skill with arms; and also was expected to commit murder if asked to do so (Palestine Rebellion, 1936).”
Ten Years a Soldier, from War Commentary (1944)
A text by French anarchist André Prudhommeaux criticizing fellow anarchist Rudolf Rocker’s stance on World War Two.
Rudolf Rocker and the Anarchist Stance on the War, by André Prudhommeaux (1946)
A text by English anarchist Clara Cole on conscription and militarism.
The Avalanche, by Clara Cole (1947)
“Liberalism and totalitarianism chain us to an economy of war, where the whole of society serves the production of means of destruction.”
Manifesto of the International Anarchist Conference, Paris, 15th, 16th, and 17th May 1948
“Besides the ridiculous changes that all enlisted men went through, there was an added factor: rampant racism on all levels.”
In the Other Army, by Kuwasi Balagoon (1971)
A text by English anarchist Colin Ward on militarism, war and repression.
Witness for the Prosecution, by Colin Ward (1974)
UK anarchists on America’s longest war.
Wounded Knee: The Longest War 1890-1973, by Black Flag (1974)
Various texts by Sicilian anarchist Alfredo M. Bonanno on anti-militarism, national liberation, and gun fetishism.
Anarchism and the National Liberation Struggle, by Alfredo M. Bonanno & Jean Weir (1976)
Towards Anarchist Antimilitarism, by Alfredo M. Bonanno (1982)
Some very common theoretical errors, by Alfredo M. Bonanno (1982)
The Refusal of Arms, by Alfredo M. Bonanno (1988)
Introduction to ‘A Mano Armata’ (1998)
“Comiso in Sicily became a prime place on the NATO nuclear armaments map, having been chosen to house 112 cruise missiles… The anarchists criticised the typical pacifist approach to the struggle… So they set about working towards a mass occupation to attack and destroy the Cruise missile base.”
An article from the Vancouver, BC, anarchist magazine, Open Road, on Indigenous resistance to militarism.
NATO Fighter Planes Invade Innu Territory, by Open Road (1987)
An article on imperialism, national liberation and internationalism from the North American anarchist magazine, Endless Struggle, and the anarchist newspaper, Love & Rage.
Against Imperialism: International Solidarity and Resistance, by Endless Struggle (1990)
“The mutiny, if that is really how one should describe it was triggered off in an atmosphere some years in time and light years in atmosphere from the optimistic and loyal Cairo ‘Parliament’ which was concerned with the better life after the war socialism would bring about.”
Secondary documents on historical anarchist anti-militarism and anarchist views on the national question
“In 1916 she and Tom Keell were arrested and charged under the Defence of the Realm Act ‘with making statements likely to prejudice recruiting and discipline’.”
Lilian Wolfe: On Her 90th Birthday, by Vernon Richards (1965)
“At this time, Lilian and Tom wrote a very outspoken article about conscription and how to avoid it for The Voice of Labour.”
Lilian Wolfe – Lifetime Resistance, by Sandy Martin (1972)
“During the last five years of her life she continued to commute weekly between Cheltenham and London, working now at the offices of the War Resisters International and the National Council for Civil Liberties.”
Lilian Wolfe: 1875-1974, by Nicolas Walter (1974)
“I went to interview her [Lilian Wolfe] a few weeks later at the War Resisters’ International in Kings Cross where she was busy stuffing copies of Peace News into envelopes.”
She Lived Her Politics, by Sheila Rowbotham (1975)
“…Olivereau became incensed at the idea that one should not question the reasons for entering the war.”
Louise Olivereau and the Seattle Radical Community (1917-1923), by Sarah Ellen Sharbach (1986)
“Moreover, anarchist anti-militarism was in several respects more coherent than either the Communist Party’s or the liberals opposition to military expansion.”
Anarchist Opposition to Japanese Militarism: 1926-1937, by John Crump (1991)
“Маkhno gathered the peasants of the region at a Regional Congress of Soviets, which passed a resolution declaring ‘Death to the Central Rada’. The Ukrainian nationalists were silenced for a time.”
“On 22 February 1945 Marie Louise Berneri, Vernon Richards, and John Hewetson were arrested at 7.30 in the morning. They were joined at the court by Philip Sansom who was brought from Brixton Prison, and the four were charged with the dissemination of three seditious issues of War Commentary under Defence Regulation 39a.”
“Indeed, 1914, as a moment of crisis, presents a useful vantage point from which to view the assumptions of key protagonists in the international anarchist movement and the intellectual depth and diversity that characterised anarchism as a political tradition.”
Anarchism and the First World War, by Matthew S. Adams (2019)
Present day anarchist statements, analysis and actions (2022-2024)
A statement by the Italian Anarchist Federation on the war in Ukraine.
Against the war, About the situation in Ukraine, by the Italian Anarchist Federation (2022)
A statement about the war in Ukraine by the Russian section of the anarcho-syndicalist International Workers Association.
No War! Statement of the Russian section of the International Workers Association (2022)
“Accordingly, the main response to this warmongering should not be either apologia for Russia imperialism or support for NATO, or even “national defence” within Ukraine.”
Statement on Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, by anarchist groups of Australia and New Zealand (2022)
“Our revolutionary and class duty dictates the organisation and strengthening of the internationalist, anti-war and anti-imperialist movement of the working class.”
A statement about the war in Ukraine by the International of Anarchist Federations.
Against the war, for global solidarity, by the International of Anarchist Federations (2022)
A statement by anarchists located in the United States of America on war, nationalism, militarism and imperialism.
No War But Class War: Against State Nationalism And Inter-Imperialist War In Ukraine (2022)
The Americas are not a sacrifice zone for the supposed greater good somewhere else, anymore than anywhere else in the world should be for here.
A Response To A Response About Militarism, Nationalism And War, by M.Gouldhawke (2022)
“We see how, already before the Russian invasion of Ukraine, some heavy-handed criticism of our traditional anti-militarism was carried out by some individuals and groups who declare themselves anti-authoritarian, libertarian or anarchist. We have carefully considered these positions in the last few months, and we believe today that we need to clarify our point of view.”
For a New Anarchist Manifesto Against the War, by the Italian Anarchist Federation (2022)
An analysis of the war in Ukraine by some anarchists from the Central European region.
“Anti-militarism is a core principle of anarchism. We understand armies to be a violent force underwriting political authority (or those who would conquer it).”
British Anarchism Succumbs to War Fever, by Alex Alder (2023)
Actions
On March 24, 2022, anarchists in Torino, Italy, blockaded the entrance to the Leonardo military aircraft factory , holding a banner that reads, “Against War and Those Who Arm It”
In their statement about the blockade, the comrades explain, “The Italian war industry has supplied arms and military equipment to both Russia and Ukraine. Weapons produced in our country are used in theaters of war in every corner of the world…”
“Torino bets everything on the war industry to relaunch the economy. An economy of death. Blocking the birth of a new research center, design and construction of war devices, preventing NATO from having its base in Torino is a concrete commitment against war.”
Blocco alla Leonardo di Caselle Torinese, Assemblea Antimilitarista Torino (2022)
On Aaron Bushnell’s action
Graphic by Veterans Against the War
Clarity Contra Complicity, by K. C. Sinclair (2025)
Unlocking the ‘Mystery’ – Ilan Pappé Writes In Memory of Aaron Bushnell (2024)
Palestinian town of Jericho names street after US soldier who set himself on fire (2024)
Aaron Bushnell was my friend. May he never be forgotten, by Levi Pierpont (2024)
Memories of Aaron Bushnell as Recounted by His Friends, edited by CrimethInc (2024)
Taking Aaron Bushnell at His Word (and Deed), by Lyle Jeremy Rubin (2024)
US airman dies after setting himself on fire outside Israeli embassy, by Al Jazeera (2024)
Why Would Anyone Kill Themselves to Stop a War? On Aaron Bushnell and Others, by Ann Wright (2024)
Resources
About Face: Veterans Against The War
Palestine Children’s Relief Fund
Texts and songs by non-anarchists or not specific to anarchism
Letters from Ukraine, Part 1, an interview with andrew (2022)
Letters from Ukraine, Part 2, an interview with andrew (2022)
Letters from Ukraine, Part 3, an interview with andrew (2022)
Untimely Thoughts: Notes on Revolution and Ukraine, by andrew (2022)
Behind the Frontlines: An Interview with Andrew After the Ukrainian Counteroffensive (2022)
Ripples and Waves: Notes on Ukraine in the Long Crisis (2022)
The Specificity of Imperialism, by Salar Mohandesi (2018)
To Praise Ginger Goodwin Is to Revere a Radical, by Mark Leier (2014)
Colonization: A War for Territory, by Zig-Zag (2012 / 1999)
“No!” to the War in the Balkans, by Subcomandante Marcos (1999)
Innu Women and NATO: The Occupation of Nitassinan, from Cultural Survival (1990)
At war with the fighters: To Labrador’s Innu, NATO is an enemy, by Glen Allen (1988)
Abolish the Police and the Military!, by the Surrealist Group in Sweden (1987)
Decolonising Feminism, by Susanna Ounei-Small (1995)
The Continuing Appeal of Nationalism, by Fredy Perlman (1984)
So I Started Fighting For My People, by John Waubanascum Jr. (1976)
To Draft Board 1, by Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. (1967)
(1965)
How to End War, by T-Bone Slim (1939)
The Deadly Parallel, by the Industrial Workers of the World (1917)
Articles in the New York Times on the No Conscription League of New York (1917)
The Revolutionist and War, by Anna Strunsky (1915)
The Main Enemy Is At Home!, by Karl Liebknecht (1915)
The Junius Pamphlet: The Crisis of German Social Democracy, by Rosa Luxemburg (1915)
The African Roots of War, by W.E.B. Du Bois (1915)
Don’t Take My Papa Away From Me, by Joe Hill (1915)
Where We Stand on War, by Mary E. Marcy (1915)
Economic Conscription, by James Connolly (1915)
The Working Class and War, by Vincent St. John (1914)
Should I Ever Be a Soldier, by Joe Hill (1913)
Patriotism A Bloody Monster, by Caroline Nelson (1912)
Insurrection Rather Than War, from Industrial Worker (1911)
War and the Workers, by the Industrial Workers of the World (1911)
Hell Here, No Hereafter, from Industrial Worker (1911)
Military Power, from Industrial Worker (1909)
Militarism and Anti-Militarism, by Karl Liebknecht (1907)
The Roots of Modern War, by James Connolly (1898)
“Military power is always against the interest of the working class. […] The defenders of the army are the enemies of mankind.”
Industrial Worker, April 29, 1909, Spokane
From ‘Industrial Worker’, April 3, 1913, Spokane